Speech Pathology As A Career Essay Research free essay sample

Speech Pathology As A Career Essay, Research Paper For the many people afflicted with a address hindrance, there frequently seems to be small hope. Many of these people are ridiculed as kids, or cast out of society as a immature grownup. Many are sent to physicians and specializers who try to find what is? incorrect? with them. On juncture, they will run into a individual who can assist them, and finally, alter their life for the better. This individual is a speech patholgist. As one adult female, the female parent of three, said: ? I think the one thing I would wish to do certain this articles says is that address therapy is good worth the clip invested, that these services are decidedly out at that place? ( Greene ) . One of the most rewarding, digesting, and spread outing professions is speech pathology. Speech pathology is a new profession. It is besides a slightly controversial one. We will write a custom essay sample on Speech Pathology As A Career Essay Research or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Many believe that it has its virtues ; nevertheless there are a few noisy people who believe that address pathology is a useless aspiration. They believe that kids enduring from a address upset will finally turn out of it. However, that goes along with the district of being a comparatively new medical profession. It foremost surfaced in the late fortiess, after World War II. Many soldiers returned from the frontlines with caput lesions that limited address. Teachers, brain doctors, and other physicians wanted to assist the injured work forces, and a profession was born ( Enderby and Emerson 1 ) . Speech diagnosticians work with people who can non talk clearly or at all. They besides work with people who have jobs with get downing and eating. Working with a address diagnostician may be an audiologist, who works with the hearing impaired ( Price ) . The address diagnostician attempts to happen what the perpetrator of a patient? s address job might be. These jobs include rhythm jobs, r ough voices, and jobs with groking the linguistic communication. Speech pathologists evaluate the patient? s demands by utilizing formal trials to detect his or her ability to do sound. Once they have identified a job, the address diagnostician begins intervention. The address diagnostician will utilize? unwritten stimulation, activities that develop linguistic communication and address accomplishments, and the pattern of articulation, instructions in external respiration, and sound support? ( Hirsch ) . Speech diagnosticians work with both kids and grownups. The patients frequently suffer from a broad assortment of jobs: tardily development, cleft roof of the mouth, hearing loss, mental deceleration, encephalon harm, shot, or emotional jobs ( Reich 177 ) . It is of import that kids with suspected address upsets be screened early because research has shown that these upsets can take to larning disablements later in life ( Kalb and Namuth ) . The aged frequently need assistance as th eir hearing diminutions with age. Address diagnosticians, besides called address healers, run many different trials on their patients. Once the trials have yielded a sufficient consequence ( adequate to do a diagnosing ) , the address diagnostician will make interventions for the patient. These may include verbal games. The speech diagnostician may hold the patient work with organizing right sounds, or they might work with take a breathing forms. Sometimes the job is psychological, and so the address healer will non merely work with the patient and their verbal accomplishments, but he or she might convey in another physician. The address diagnostician is a member of a group working together for the good of the patient. This group might include: head-shrinkers, psychologists, brain doctors, otolarynologist, and societal workers ( Anderson and Snyder ) . Speech diagnosticians can non be impatient, random people. A speech diagnostician must be a caring individual. His or her bosom must be filled with compassion and love, but besides with finding and intense concentration. A address diagnostician is person that truly wants to give to another individual. The address diagnostician might even experience commiseration for the patient, but that is non what is needed. A crisp sense of way and deep concentration on the advancement of each and every person is critical non merely for the success of the patient but for the address diagnostician, excessively. He or she must possess a good sense of objectiveness, and must non be frustrated by slow advancement. A speech diagnostician needs a acute oculus for inside informations. These inside informations are frequently the keys to assisting a individual unlock his or her voice. A speech diagnostician should be able to advocate his or her patient and the patient? s household. One must non merely be a healer, but a friend, a function theoretical account, and a confidante. Bing a address diagnostician is one of the most rewarding callings available. After passing one? s clip, attempt, and concentration on a individual, a address diagnostician gets to see the terminal consequence. Watching a diffident kid become one of the most articulate pupils in category, or seeing a hubby state his married woman that he still loves her is about payment adequate. ? Sing firsthand the rehabilitation of kids and grownups with hearing and address jobs? is something that affects the psyche ( Kleman 227 ) . Bing able to hold helped that individual along the manner warms the bosom of even the cruelest adult male. In order to harvest the wagess of address pathology, one must first finish high school, and so travel to college. During high school, one should hold a strong background in scientific discipline. If it is at all possible, an draw a bead oning address diagnostician should besides take categories in psychological science. Upon entryway of college most will obtain an undergraduate grade. Surveies should include anatomy, biological science, physiology, natural philosophies, and address related countries: linguistics, semantics, and phonetics ( Hopke 638 ) . The address pathology major should besides take classs in psychological science and acoustics. Graduate preparation is made up of five general subjects: the development of linguistic communications, address and hearing ; rating of patients ; the nature of address jobs ; research techniques ; and intervention ( Gregory 773 ) . After attendin g college and graduating with a grade, the new speech diagnostician must go through a written test to be licensed. This test, given by the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association ( ASHA ) , is known as the Certificate of Competence. ASHA is an organisation, similar to a labour brotherhood, made up by address diagnosticians and audiologists. It is nearing the 90,000 grade in members ( Danser ) . The Certificate of Competence is critical and compulsory in most instances. All of these members have non merely passed the trial, but besides have had a yearlong internship. Speech diagnosticians must hold 300-375 hours of clinical experience before licensing, which is compulsory in 36 provinces ( Hopke 638 ) . ? With such a strong accent on instruction, practical experience, and licensure, entrants to this field must work long and hard? ( Princeton ) . A speech diagnostician must be able to concentrate on all of his or her surveies, because each and every fact he or she learns will be p ut to later usage. Address diagnosticians are in high demand. Jobs chances for address diagnosticians are on the rise. Registration has doubled at schools offering speech pathology as a major. Fontbonne College, in Missouri, says that one hundred per centum of their alumnuss are employed ( Tucci ) . This tendency is expected to go on. In fact, due to the ripening of America, peculiarly of its Baby Boomers, many more speech diagnosticians will be needed by the twelvemonth 2000. Approximately the demand will be for more than 15,000 new address diagnosticians ( Kleman 226 ) . ? About half of the new occupations originating through the terminal of the decennary are expected to be in address and hearing clinics? ? ( Hopke 639 ) . This is really good for the people in this line of work. About half of all address diagnosticians work within the school scene. The other diagnosticians work in infirmaries, clinics, or with place wellness attention services. The fastest turning country of address pathology is that of the private pattern. The address diagnosticians in schools work with kids, from simple through high school degrees. Address diagnosticians that work in more of a medical background pass their clip with kids besides, but they do a batch of work with older individuals. Speech pathologists working in medical installations trade with caput injury and more terrible signifiers of address upsets than the address diagnostician located at the local simple school. Speech pathologists work about 40 hours a hebdomad. While researching, a address diagnostician might be on the occupation for a much longer period of clip. Most available occupations offer typical benefit peripheries. These include sick leave, paid holidaies, and retirement plans ( Hopke ) . Address diagnosticians that work in schools earn about $ 30,000.00 a twelvemonth upon go outing college. After some experience, the mean pay is about $ 38,000.00. Address diagnosticians that work in infirmaries or clinics make around $ 38,000.00 get downing out, but after a few old ages of work, they earn about $ 42,000.00. In place wellness attention services, a address diagnostician earns about $ 50,000.00 yearly ( Bacon ) . As the addition for speech diagnosticians grows, the wage will probably travel with it. Diane Crow, a address diagnostician that works for the Lumpkin County School System, does non repent her determination on calling pick at all. After obtaining a Bachelor? s grade in psychological science, Ms. Crow went into the Speech-Language Pathology plan at the University of Southern Florida. She knew the manager of Speech-Language Pathology surveies. The manager was ever seeking to acquire Ms. Crow to fall in in his categories. When she eventually did, she decided to acquire her Master? s in address pathology. Ms. Crow studied most of the antecedently listed classs required to have a address pathology grade at nowadays. Ms. Crow believes that a address diagnostician must be able to organize good IEP? s ; which are? particular plans made to run into each person kid? s demands? ( Crow ) . A speech diagnostician must be originative, and be able to manage tonss of paperwork. Ms. Crow prefers working with younger people. They are frequently times more willing to work than a more elde rly person. The paper work and tough programming are the nerve-racking facets of her occupation. Although this does set emphasis on her, it is honoring to? see discharged kids rectifying all of their sounds? ( Crow ) . Her advice towards an draw a bead oning address diagnostician is really enlightening and helpful. She says that while one is gaining his or her clinical hours, to make the work in a assortment of puting with a assortment of people and ages. Speech pathology is a calling that has its ups and downs. Although it is nerve-racking, it is besides one that makes non merely the patient smiling, but the instructor, every bit good. The hours spent working with persons are frequently really honoring. The categories are tough and will go on to be so, likely more hard due to the turning involvement of speech pathology as a profession. One must hold willpower and a sincere involvement in speech pathology in order to base on balls and larn all that he or she needs to cognize. Jobs are besides traveling to be readily available for address diagnosticians. There will decidedly be gaps in this hereafter, which is good due to the recent addition in fight in the occupation market. Speech pathology is a field that will ever be interesting. As clip goes on, more and more will be known about address and its upsets. Possibly there will be much simpler interventions in the hereafter. Speech diagnosticians must be invariably larning, non merely f rom periodicals and texts, but besides for the people around them and their patients. The ultimate occupation of the address diagnostician is to assist people with address jobs. The diagnostician can make this through a figure of ways. He or she must measure and turn to a huge array of jobs. By making this the address diagnostician will hold a calling that is giving of his or herself to another individual. In a bantam manner address diagnosticians help humanity. 33f

Free Essays on Gowain The Grren Knight

In Sir Thomas Malory’s Le Morte D’Arthur, John Gardner’s translation of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight and Burton Raffel’s translation of Beowulf, King Arthur, Gawain, and Beowulf are hero’s because they exhibit bravery in the face of danger. Beowulf shows off his bravery when he goes up against Grendal. King Arthur exhibits bravery when Mordrid challenges him. Gawain shows bravery when he goes to meet the Green Knight. All three of these men show courage when confronted with a challenge. Beowulf shows off his bravery when facing Grendal. â€Å"Like Grendal, gripped in my hands and torn, but his breath will be burning hot, poison will pour from his tongue† (Raffel, 670-673). Beowulf has boldness; here it shows that he is not afraid of Grendal even after his hands were torn off. He showed even more bravery when all of his men abandoned him and he was all alone to fight Grendal. King Arthur needs courage when he faces Mordrid after he is chall enged. In a dream Gawain came to Arthur and said â€Å"†¦and warned him that and he fought on the morn, he would be slain!†(Malory,171). He showed confidence when his men and Mordrid’s men got together and did not fight right away. King Arthur has defiance when he decides the stay behind, after the massacre of his men, and fight Mordrid although; the dream from Gawain told him he would die. Gawain shows off his manhood when he honors his promise to the Green Knight to return in one year. Gawain exhibits his fortitude when he tells the Green Knight to stop stalling and to take his swing at him. He said â€Å"But be brisk, man by your faith and come to the point! Deal out my doom if you can and do it at once!†(Gardner, 162) He has to use his bravery when he lies to the king about taking the green sash from his wife when the king said I want to know everything she gives you. All three men show they are heroes through bravery. Beowulf showed his when he fought Grendal alone, with his bare hand... Free Essays on Gowain The Grren Knight Free Essays on Gowain The Grren Knight In Sir Thomas Malory’s Le Morte D’Arthur, John Gardner’s translation of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight and Burton Raffel’s translation of Beowulf, King Arthur, Gawain, and Beowulf are hero’s because they exhibit bravery in the face of danger. Beowulf shows off his bravery when he goes up against Grendal. King Arthur exhibits bravery when Mordrid challenges him. Gawain shows bravery when he goes to meet the Green Knight. All three of these men show courage when confronted with a challenge. Beowulf shows off his bravery when facing Grendal. â€Å"Like Grendal, gripped in my hands and torn, but his breath will be burning hot, poison will pour from his tongue† (Raffel, 670-673). Beowulf has boldness; here it shows that he is not afraid of Grendal even after his hands were torn off. He showed even more bravery when all of his men abandoned him and he was all alone to fight Grendal. King Arthur needs courage when he faces Mordrid after he is chall enged. In a dream Gawain came to Arthur and said â€Å"†¦and warned him that and he fought on the morn, he would be slain!†(Malory,171). He showed confidence when his men and Mordrid’s men got together and did not fight right away. King Arthur has defiance when he decides the stay behind, after the massacre of his men, and fight Mordrid although; the dream from Gawain told him he would die. Gawain shows off his manhood when he honors his promise to the Green Knight to return in one year. Gawain exhibits his fortitude when he tells the Green Knight to stop stalling and to take his swing at him. He said â€Å"But be brisk, man by your faith and come to the point! Deal out my doom if you can and do it at once!†(Gardner, 162) He has to use his bravery when he lies to the king about taking the green sash from his wife when the king said I want to know everything she gives you. All three men show they are heroes through bravery. Beowulf showed his when he fought Grendal alone, with his bare hand...

What are the psychological and developmental differences between Essay

What are the psychological and developmental differences between learning a first and second language - Essay Example Learning a second language is a similar method to learning a first language in that one undergoes developmental phases and depend on native speakers to give good comprehensible models of the language. This extraordinarily fast progress appears to ‘fly in the face’ of several acknowledged facts regarding the nature of language - so much so that it has turn out to be commonly recognized within the scientific society to consider language as well as learning as one of various totally unexplainable ambiguities that overwhelmed people in their lives on a daily basis. Even the cleverest of scientists in the present day do not know where to start with attempting to unravel the variety of intricacies that all of language carries. Nevertheless, the child moves forward, apparently with little regard to this alleged anonymity and continues with little effort to break the ‘revered system’. To begin with, parents give very little in the way of language training to the chi ld; opposite to what some might accept as true, parents do not instruct their children to talk. The majority of parents would not even have the means in which to explain language clearly to a child even if they would like to do so. Actually, parents use the majority of time correcting falsehoods instead of correcting incorrect grammars. If someone is a casual observer, he would believe children grow-up being little lawyers trying to find out facts instead of little linguists trying to find out proper assumptions to their language. ... By the time a child is 5 years old he has developed an intricate verbal language structure and can communicate his requirements, wants, feelings and emotions. However, there is still a long way to go. From the ages of 6 to 12 years, children carry on to make their verbal language more refined and become skilled at reading and writing for a range of contexts. Even as grown-ups, people carry on to develop the first language - including fresh expressions, developing more intricate reading, and writing expertise. Learning a second language is as well a continuing procedure. One can never actually declare that he is completely familiar with a language. Learning a second language is a similar method to learning a first language in that one undergoes developmental phases and depend on native speakers to give good comprehensible models of the language. However, several other factors have an effect on it, including what the first language is, how educated the individual is in his first langua ge and the child’s approach to the new language and culture (O’Malley & Chamot, p. 129, 1990). Proficiency in the first language is very critical in developing proficiency in a second language. If the child can shift abilities from the first to the second language learning, the new language will be a lot simpler. These not just incorporate literacy abilities but also educational proficiencies, thinking skills, subject understanding and learning approach (Bhatia & Ritchie, p. 236, 2009). A lot of individuals believe that young children are the most excellent language learners. One of the huge benefits of younger language learners is that they develop outstanding accent skills; however, younger language learners run the threat of learning a

Importance of the Parliament Acts of 1911 and 1949 Assignment - 1

Importance of the Parliament Acts of 1911 and 1949 - Assignment Example The two acts are important legislations, in that they limited the powers and the privileges wielded by the House of Lords, and sought to give the common person more powers through the empowerment of the House of Commons. The legislations are however not without issues, as demonstrated in the Jackson v Attorney General [2005] case regarding the legality of the application of Parliament Acts of 1911 and 1949 to pass the Hunting Act, making it illegal to hunt wild animals using dogs, except in very limited circumstances. 6The case was heard by a Divisional court and later passed on the court of appeal. The court of appeal decision was that constitutional changes could not be passed under the parliament act of 1911. 2The legal issues raised in this case is that any legislation done under the parliament Act of 1911 was not primary, but a subordinate one. The legislative power wielded by the Act was not limited, and thus was open to statutory interpretation. Upon reaching the decision, the judges raised the issue that the Act did not authorize the House of Commons to change or remove any conditions on which the law-making power is based. 6 The judges observed that the 1911 Act was wide to authorize some amendments of the commons law making power, contrary to the 1949 Act, which was observed to be substantial and significant. 6The discussion by the judges was that it was highly unlikely that the House of Commons could contemplate to use the Act to enact a legislation that the House of Lords had not consented to or to abolish the House of Lords completely. 2 If however, the House of Commons had such intentions, then it would be seen as contrary to the intentions of the parliament, when it was enacting such legislations.

Management accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 15

Management accounting - Essay Example On the basis of this,the budget allocation needs require to be constantly updated (Govindarajan& Shank, 1992). This report will discuss the descriptive and reflective requirement of the formal budgeting process. This has become a necessity of the business because of the increasing volatility. The budgets need to be allocated accordingly so that the benefits can be acquired. The businesses irrespective of their sizes require maintaining their budgets appropriately. With the budgeting processes,the businesses control and determine the tools through which the profits and the bonuses can be allocated within the business. The objective of budget allocation is that the companies can ensure that the financial stability is maintained and with this it also prevents the budgets from becoming negative. In the large businesses,the budgeting process has the highest priority. On the basis of this,the organizations manage their operations. The strategic managers set the goals and on the basis of finance available they allocate the budgets of accomplishing the required tasks. Once the budget is approved it becomes a road map and on the basis of this the future development is planned and structured. The budget development requires that the strategy which is approved by the strategic managers is delivered to the workforce and that they understand what the organization wants from them. The most essential use of the plan is allocation of resources and keeping the workforce prepared against the opportunities and barriers. The budgeting process can be divided into two subcategories. Theseare the traditional and zero based budgets. In the traditional budgets,the analysis is done on the basis of historical modifications and projections. All these are established on the basis of inflation and the growth rate. In the zero based budget a completely new budget is created, and all the capital is raised separately.

Strategies for Wastewater Treatment Processes

Strategies for Wastewater Treatment Processes Some wastewater treatment process in other hand classified into three categories which followed the nature of the treatment process that used nowadays, they are physical, chemical and biological treatment processes. Most of the full wastewater treatments systems are included several processes from these three categories. Physical methods wastewater treatment is the process that totally relay on physical phenomena only in progress of improving and treating the wastewater. In this method, there are no any gross chemical or biological changes needed to carry out. Some examples like sedimentation or called clarification, screening, aeration, filtration, flotation and skimming, degasification, equalization are classified as the physical method for wastewater treatment. Take sedimentation process for further explanations, it is a process where the solids is settle by gravity in order to carry out the process. This process is carry out by collecting the wastewater in a short period of time, the collected wastewater was stored in a tank that is under quiescent conditions, which then slowly let the heavier solids to settle and those â€Å"clarified† effluent is also remove at the same time. Sedimentation process is very common process used for solid separation nowadays, and it is already set up to be u sed in the beginning and end of the full wastewater treatment operation which is what we have now. Sedimentation is already a physical treatment that cannot be excluded in order to successfully carry out the wastewater treatment. Another common process that also under the physical treatment category is the aeration, which is a process by just physically add some air into wastewater, gas that often used is oxygen. The process is to allow the oxygen exchange at the surface, eventually lead to the release of noxious gasses such as carbon dioxide, methane and hydrogen sulfide gas from the water. Filtration is also another common physical phenomena treatment, this treatment require a filter medium to separate the solids from the wastewater, filter medium like sand filters can continue removed the entrained from the wastewater used. Some physical phenomena will take part in sedimentation process; this will affect the water quality in the good way. Substance like greases or oils can be applying the flotation technique, skimming, or physically removing in order to separate from the wastewater. For some industrial management wastewater treatment, they will create strong and undesirable waste in just a little time needed. These wastes have the ability in destroy biological treatment process. So the wastes were kept to remained in the wastewater system, or has mixed with other waste, and eventually release to the environment, which will cause eliminating â€Å"shocks† to the treatment plant. Such process called equalization. There is another type of equalization, which is when the wet well of a pump station will collect many types of wastewater and then follow with the step that pump those wastes onward at constant rates. Second category is the chemical treatment process, physical treatments rely on physical phenomena, and so chemical treatment is depending on certain chemical reaction in order to improve the water quality. The examples of chemical wastewater treatment are chlorination, ozonation, neutralization, coagulation, adsorption, and ion exchange. Among all these chemical treatment, the most famous and common one is the chlorination. Chlorination process is the using of chlorine to kill bacteria and also to slow down the rate of the wastewater to decompose. Chlorine is being chosen because of its strong oxidizing properties. Bacterial can be successfully eliminated from the wasterwater when there is vital biological process occurred which caused by the chlorine added. There is an alternative way to replace the chlorination, which is by using the ozone to undergo ozonation. Ozone is also a common strong oxidizing agent that chose to carry out oxidizing disinfectant other than chlorine. Besides using chemical to undergo oxidation, industrial wastewater treatment commonly applies neutralization. Water is commonly known that it is at pH value of 7, the neutral state. So if the water is too acid, there will have the need to add selective base to adjust back the neutrality of the wastewater. In other hand, same goes to if the water is too basic, acid is needed to add to the wastewater to adjust back the pH value. This technique is called the neutralization. Another common chemical wastewater treatment is the coagulation. This process is about to add some chemical into the wastewater, which will cause some reaction to be occurred. The chemical added will react with the substance inside the wastewater and then form insoluble end product, thus these end product can be easily removed in order to produce clean water. The example of chemicals that used for coagulation process are polyvalent metals, limestone, iron binding compounds like FeSO4 and FeCl2 or FeCl3, and last is t he alum, Al2(SO4)3. Some chemical treatment actually is the combination of chemical and physical processes. The nature of the process is come from both chemical and physical. One of the example is the using the activated carbon to extract or remove the organic substance in the wastewater. For ion exchange process, this process is least applied in the wastewater treatment nowadays. The ion exchange process is actually added some chemical in order to exchange certain ion in the wastewater only, this process is not help a lot in the field of wastewater treatment and the process is slow. The last category that needs to discuss is the biological wastewater treatment. Biological process in wastewater treatment is related to apply biology field substance, such as microorganisms in order to produce the clean water. There are many microorganisms but the most used in biochemical decomposition of wastewater is the bacteria, the purpose of the bacteria is to stabilize the end products. If there are still many other microorganisms are present, or even the sludge, they will be converted to carbon dioxide gas, water and some side product by the treatment method. The major groups of biological wastewater treatment have two main events, one is aerobic method and the other is the anaerobic method, the different between these two processes is the present of dissolved oxygen. Under aerobic method there have several examples, such as: activated sludge treatment methods, trickling filtration, oxidation ponds, lagoons, and aerobic digestion, whereas for the example of anaerobic method are: anaerobic digestion, septic tanks, and lagoons. The main purpose of a wastewater treatment is to remove those solid substances in the water, in order to have a good condition and clean water to be used in our daily life. Most solid is the primarily organic substance, at this instant there will eventually have some inorganic solid being filter out also along with the organic substances. The treatment also need a enhance function to help remove the sludge in the water also. Before the treatment process come to the end, some addition work need to carry out to control the odors of the water, one more is retard the biological activity in order to destroy those pathogenic organisms that still remained in the wastewater. The actual full wastewater treatment as mention before, it will have the combination of physical, chemical and biological methods, so the devices need to be used will also widely cover these three fields, where the degree of a treatment mainly named using the terms primary, secondary and tertiary treatment.

Deception and Punishment in The Scarlet Letter and A Tale of Two Cities :: comparison compare contrast essays

Deception and Punishment in The Scarlet Letter and A Tale of Two Cities      Ã‚   Nathaniel Hawthorn and Charles Dickens in their novels The Scarlet Letter and A Tale of Two Cities, respectively, both use punishment for deception as a recurring theme.   Although they do so to different degrees and in dissimilar manners, both authors agree that deception is a sin that requires punishment.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In The Scarlet Letter, the heroine, Hester Prynne conceived a child out of wedlock.   Despite the pleas and demands of the clerical community, she did not reveal the identity of the father.   The Puritanical community in which she lived in demanded her to give up her conspirator or bear the consequences of the deed alone.   Due to her doggedness, the townsmen sentenced her to wear a scarlet letter *A* embroidered on her chest.   The A served as a symbol of her crime, was a punishment of humiliation, gave her constant shame, and reminded her of her sin.   Hester*s penalization was a prime example where deception led to negative consequences in that she would have been spared the entire encumbrance of the crime if she did not deceive the townspeople.   Although seemingly, her paramour did not escape punishment.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In fact, the father of her bastard child took a more severe sentence. Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale seemed to be an upstanding, young priest.   The whole town liked him and respected him as a holy man.   Thus, his deception was much more direct and extreme when he did not confess that he impregnated Hester Prynne.   Unlike Hester, he was not publicly punished.   So although Hester overcame her ordeal and went on with her life, Dimmesdale exacted a constant, physical and mental reprobation on himself.   This inner pain was so intense that his physical health began to reflect his inner sufferings.   In the end, he redeemed himself by his confession in front of the whole town, but his long endurance of the secret took its toll and he died.   Roger Chillingworth had a similar fate.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Like Dimmesdale, Chillingworth, Hester*s husband, keeps his relation to her a secret.   Chillingworth*s deception allows him to become consumed with hatred and the desire to inflict his revenge on the one who stole his wife*s

Energy Society Essay

The Kyoto Protocol The official name of the Protocol is The Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. It is an agreement by 165 countries for mandatory targets for the reduction of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions. These gases—carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and several fluorinated gases are believed to contribute significantly to global warming. The targets of the Protocol are primarily industrialized countries, which are expected to reduce their combined emissions to 95% of 1990 emission levels between 2008 and 2012. The Protocol was agreed on in 1997, although it only took effect in 2005. Between the years 1990 and 2000, the overall emissions of industrialized countries have been reduced by 3%, but largely because of the drastic reduction of emissions from former Soviet countries because of their failing economies. Other industrialized countries overall had an increase of 8% emissions. It is estmated that emissions from industrialized countries will be 10% above 1990 emission levels by the year 2010. For industrialized countries, the emission reduction target of the Kyoto Protocol is only around 5%, and many climate scientists are concerned that this is not enough to curb the effects of global warming. They believe that in order for the agreement to actually help solve the problem, the emission rates would be cut down by 60%. This has led to the opinion that the agreement lacks real value, more so without US backing. However, advocates believe that the Protocol lays out the groundwork for future negotiations. Emission reduction laws were already signed in many countries and would continue to take effect even when the Protocol itself has ceased to exist. â€Å"Happy Kyoto Day† – This site has an unusual approach to the problem of determining the Kyoto protocol’s merit. According to the author, â€Å"In and of itself, the Kyoto treaty won’t solve global warming or avert disastrous climate disruption.† The author states that the protocol is essentially a catalyst. It will put the world in an environmentally aware mindset—even if the Kyoto protocol fails, it will force the world to come up with something better. It will also encourage economic changes that strive towards greater efficiency and sustainability. Lastly, the protocol â€Å"is a symbol, a conscious step in the right direction for the planet. â€Å"Kyoto & global warming: good stuff or part of a dark conspiracy to dominate the world?† – According to this site, â€Å"global warming alarmism† is indeed the â€Å"mother of all environmental scares.† The author states that it is definitely not settled whether human activity has had any significant effect on global warming; global warming is a theory, not a fact. Some effects of the Kyoto protocol would include â€Å"impoverishing the USA and creating intense disaffection within the ranks of the working classes.† Basic necessities would become very expensive. â€Å"Electricity would double in cost, fuel would skyrocket.† Lastly, the author claims that the Kyoto protocol is a political â€Å"device to lead the Social Communists closer to world dominion.† One of the worst effects that global warming could have would be the rise of sea levels, due to the melting of ice caps and to thermal expansion of the world’s waters. A hundred years from now, if the worst global warming predictions come true, millions of people will be displaced from their homes, which will be submerged. This will have drastic economic and cultural impacts. The effects of the mass displacement on the economy could reach far into the future. The loss of farmland, of business districts, etc. may spawn another (much worse) Great Depression in many areas. Forced cultural dispersion will be commonplace, making the ubiquitous problem of the generation gap much more considerable. Many people who would call themselves environmentalists would not necessarily have good knowledge of environmental issues. They may pay lip service to the environmentalist cause without inconveniencing themselves in any respect to protect it. But I would venture to say that a majority of those who call themselves environmentalists would be willing to go out of their way to ‘serve’ the world. However, it is certain that, as in other controversial issues, there would be much hypocrisy. If by ‘environmentalists’ we mean those who are—or claim to be—‘concerned’ about the environment, then certainly most of them would just be claiming belief in the cause, but be too lazy. In them would be an awareness of an ideal—the preservation of the environment—but a lack of initiative, probably because of the lack of any immediate incentives. References    Kyoto Protocol, 2006, Department of the Environment and Heritage, Australian Greenhouse Office, Available at: http://www.greenhouse.gov.au/international/kyoto/index.html The Kyoto Protocol, New Zealand Ministry for the Environment, Available at: http://www. climatechange.govt.nz/about/kyoto.html Cascio, Jamais, 2006, Happy Kyoto Day, Available at: http://www.worldchanging.com/archives/002119.html Kyoto & global warming: good stuff or part of a dark conspiracy to dominate the world?, 2006, Available at: http://uspolitics.tribe.net/thread/e4978f31-0439-4b70-bbf3-f0ce93a09a42 Q&A: The Kyoto Protocol, 2005, BBC News, Available at: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/ 4269921.stm The Kyoto Protocol – A brief summary, 2006, European Union, Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/ environment/climat/kyoto.htm Kyoto Protocol, 2006, Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., Available at: http://en.wikipedia. org/w/index.php?title=Kyoto_Protocol&oldid=80236719 Kyoto Protocol comes into force, 2005, BBC News, Available at: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/ science/nature/4267245.stm

Decision Making Models Essay

Managers have the responsibility of making decisions within that guide and provide direction to their organizations. Although decisions may be made by individuals, groups, or teams, it is the manager who coordinates the process of decision making. Managers make use of various decision making models to effectively steer the organizations. It is worth to noting that there is no one model or style that is always right or perfect in decision making. This is so because different people are successful and satisfied using different styles. There are two major broad models of decision making. These are the deterministic and probalistic models. The deterministic models result in good decisions with good outcomes. The manager using this model is able to get what he/she expects i. e. the out come is risk free. In probabilistic decision models, the expected results are uncertain and thus making good decision may not necessarily lead to good outcomes. The probabilistic decision making model is characterized by more concern with both the outcome value and the amount of risk each decision carries. All other effective decision making models can be classified as either deterministic or probabilistic model. The other subcategories of decision making models are mechanical, mental/verbal, analytical, and simulation. These models are classified based on such characteristics such as types, evolution in time, and availability of information (McCall M. , and Kaplan, R. (2001). ). Mechanical models take physical appearance of the object. They are used to display or test the design of items ranging from new buildings to new products. Mental/verbal models are also important and can be used to verbalize decision strategies for more complicated decision making models. The other model is analytical model which is a mathematical model and aimed at simplification, abstraction of real systems to give insight and understanding to some interested aspect of reality (Klein G. , et al. , (Ed. ) (1993). The analytical models are applicable to the deterministic systems. A simulation model is the last model that I am going to address. Simulation models are the computerized duplications of real systems and are seen to be more realistic, especially when modeling dynamic/probabilistic systems e. g. as used in aviation industry. Current Application Decision making models have assisted managers a lot in making viable decisions within the organization. The models discussed above have been implemented by individuals within organizations to come up with good decisions. For instance, the mental/verbal model has been used to aid in problem identification, in the development phase as well as the selection phase of decision making. Decision support system (DSS) has found usage in air-line management. Decision support systems and the models have been used to make decision both under risk, certainty, and even conflict in organizations. Other applications of the decision making models include the DSS for fiber optic Network Architecture Design and application of technology to cardiovascular diagnosis. Decision making models have also been used in forecasting with examples such as regression models and Box-Jenkins models. In brief, the use of effective decision making models by mangers has helped organizations to improve their businesses as a result of quality decision. The various effective decision making models used by mangers have both benefits and drawbacks or challenges associated with them. Mechanical decision making models have the advantage of being usable for experimentation. Mechanical models are credited for clearly describing the problem of system under study and thus results in innovative designs alternatives for decision making. Mechanical models also have some challenges in that they do not contain explicit relationships between the decision alternatives and dependant variables or objectives Mental/verbal models make the manager unable to experiment with them and cannot be used to show how outcomes or measures of effectiveness change with decision alternatives. It is also not possible to show how the relationships change with the decision alternatives. These models have the advantage of being easy to understand. They are also based on many years of managerial experience (Klein G. , et al. , (Ed. ) (1993). The advantages of analytical models include that they aim at simplification and bring understanding to some interested aspect of reality. They can also help to test the effects of different decision alternatives, constants and parameter values more easily than with any other type of model. They can also analyze complex problems efficiently and concisely, and in many cases provide the cheapest way to analyze these problems. Although they are the most prevalent models in use today they may not be easily accepted by managers who lack training, experience and time to use them. Simulation models have a high degree of abstraction and as such many managers do not want to work with them. The reason of this could be lack of enough training in and exposure to those models. The other reason is that trained managers may lack sufficient time to pay attention to model. Despite these drawbacks the models are beneficial in the sense that in comparison to the mechanical model they can facilitate experimentation because both the independent variables, dependent variables, constants and parameters are explicitly related by language of mathematics.

Free Essays on Parson Adams

Although the title of the novel by Henry Fielding is, â€Å"Joseph Andrews†, it is Abraham Adams who captures the main interest of the reader. Parson Adams, who is a friend of Joseph Andrews, is an idealistic clergyman as well as the comic hero of the novel. The following is a brief character evaluation of Parson Adams. Parson Adams appearance does not depict the typical well-dressed and neat parson that we expect to come across. In fact he is quite contrary to the anticipated ideals. He is a middle-aged man of about fifty years old. Adams is a strong, healthy, and energetic man. His physical appearance is quite interesting as he has a, â€Å"comical† face. He has deeply wrinkled cheeks and a bearded chin. Parson Adams legs are considerably so long that they almost touch the ground when he rides on horseback. His fists are, â€Å"rather less then the knuckle of an ox†, with wrists, â€Å" which Hercules would not have been ashamed of.† Abraham Adams wears a periwig, which he turns inside out at night and binds it with a red spotted, handkerchief to his scalp. His attire matches his comical features for he usually wears a dilapidated old cassock, which is imperfectly hidden by a greatcoat that hardly reaches halfway down his thighs. He adorns his head with an old, tattered hat, which goes quite well with the rest of his out-fit. Adams accessories include an old pipe, and a heavy as well as a stout, crabstick. For a middle-aged man of fifty years, Parson Adams has immense, physical strength. He is magnificently strong and healthy. We can see an example of this in the incident where he plunges into the midst of danger and rescues Fanny by knocking her attacker down with his huge fists. He also fights like a mad man when the squire’s men at The New Inn attack him. He is capable of a good brawl when the situation and circumstances arise. It is important to mention here that he never indulges in a fight unless it is in self-defens... Free Essays on Parson Adams Free Essays on Parson Adams Although the title of the novel by Henry Fielding is, â€Å"Joseph Andrews†, it is Abraham Adams who captures the main interest of the reader. Parson Adams, who is a friend of Joseph Andrews, is an idealistic clergyman as well as the comic hero of the novel. The following is a brief character evaluation of Parson Adams. Parson Adams appearance does not depict the typical well-dressed and neat parson that we expect to come across. In fact he is quite contrary to the anticipated ideals. He is a middle-aged man of about fifty years old. Adams is a strong, healthy, and energetic man. His physical appearance is quite interesting as he has a, â€Å"comical† face. He has deeply wrinkled cheeks and a bearded chin. Parson Adams legs are considerably so long that they almost touch the ground when he rides on horseback. His fists are, â€Å"rather less then the knuckle of an ox†, with wrists, â€Å" which Hercules would not have been ashamed of.† Abraham Adams wears a periwig, which he turns inside out at night and binds it with a red spotted, handkerchief to his scalp. His attire matches his comical features for he usually wears a dilapidated old cassock, which is imperfectly hidden by a greatcoat that hardly reaches halfway down his thighs. He adorns his head with an old, tattered hat, which goes quite well with the rest of his out-fit. Adams accessories include an old pipe, and a heavy as well as a stout, crabstick. For a middle-aged man of fifty years, Parson Adams has immense, physical strength. He is magnificently strong and healthy. We can see an example of this in the incident where he plunges into the midst of danger and rescues Fanny by knocking her attacker down with his huge fists. He also fights like a mad man when the squire’s men at The New Inn attack him. He is capable of a good brawl when the situation and circumstances arise. It is important to mention here that he never indulges in a fight unless it is in self-defens...

Business Intercultural Communication Research Paper

Business Intercultural Communication - Research Paper Example Business intercultural communication is an effective tool for the organizations in order to achieve their objectives along with attaining various accomplishments with regard to performing the international business operations. The effective use of communication within the organization and identification of various cultural norms of the country of operation is the basic elements for the organizations in terms of trading on a global basis (US Department of State, â€Å"Intercultural Business Communication Tips†). Communication Style The verbal and non-verbal communications are the important aspects of conveying information. The communication style incorporated in the business activities in the UK can be considered as an explicit form of conveying information through utilizing both the verbal as well as non-verbal communication. The communication style employed in the UK has been observed as to be simple and uncomplicated while conveying any information to others. The sense of hu mor of the British people is also a major element in terms of making just about any proposal or in terms of the decision-making process. From the perspective of non-verbal communication, the British people are especially undemonstrative with regard to keeping their emotions concealed from other people by not making anyone uncomfortable for their own problem (s). The reserved nature among the people within the British culture highlights their respect to the person to whom they are communicating with (Kowol & Szumiel, â€Å"United Kingdom: communication, negotiations and cultural background†). With this concern of communication style that is followed by the British people are the major concerns for the IBM US employees. Therefore, it is important for the employees of IBM to make use of straightforward communication style along with using a minimum number of physical gestures. The undemonstrative nature of hiding the personal feelings is also an important element to be recognize d by the IBM employees of the US in terms of communicating with the British people (Kowol & Szumiel, â€Å"United Kingdom: communication, negotiations and cultural background†). Business Culture in the UK Hofstede’s Model of Cultural Dimension Power Distance Index (PDI) The power distance index can be determined as a preliminary model in the approach of Hofstede’s cultural dimension. In this context, the index represents the value of hierarchical relationship along with admiration for the authorized person or group. The model refers to the measure of inequality that exists within the culture or country. With this concern, the UK scores low in this index and organizations in the UK believe in innovative and creative strategies rather than following the traditional business approach (Hofstede, â€Å"National Culture†). Individualism (IDV) The individualism dimension within the workforce can result in higher productivity along with providing strengths to eac h individual in a community. However, the high level of individualism dimension can bring about a poor connectivity or deficiency in interpersonal communication with people outside close friends or family members or groups.

To what extent can the marketing mix be quintessentially standardised Essay

To what extent can the marketing mix be quintessentially standardised within the international marketplace - Essay Example strategies which are incorporated into the new competition that is a part of the market as well as the changes which have occurred within the internal and external environment are also altering the strategies which can be used. Defining the marketing strategies in the marketplace as well as the standardization which can be used can also offer new implementation of marketing in a different manner at a global level. The foundational concepts that are associated with marketing and the international marketplace are relevant because of different activities, organizational structures and practices which are required by organizations. The marketing strategies which are used are now an integral part of building an international marketing scenario, specifically with corporations that are beginning to expand globally and which are interested in creating multinational corporations. The strategies which are incorporated into the marketplace are essential because they create a relationship within the internal organization as well as through the customers that are interested in a business at an international level. The activities which take place, structure of the company and the ability to communicate effectively with those that are looking into different corporations then become an integral part of the marketing initiatives. Ensuring that the communication from marketing as well as the responses that are incorporated into the different organizations is effective makes a difference in the capabilities of an organization to work toward an international reputation (Czinkota, Ronkainen, 17, 2007). The concept of marketing is not only important because of the need to create new strategies to meet the international expectations within the market. There are also alterations that are related to the process which has to be incorporated as well as the ability to move through the benefits and challenges which are associated with international marketing. Surviving through